ABSTRACT
The outbreak of COVID-19 confronted the international community with critical health, social, and economic challenges. Travel and tourism were among the hardest affected sectors. In 2020 and 2021 new travel trends emerged, emphasizing local destinations, short distances, and consequently, lower-carbon transportation (proximity tourism). Post-pandemic recovery represents an opportunity to bounce back better by rethinking the sector's economic model for the sake of sustainability and innovation. This paper disseminates the research that led to the structuring of guidelines for a breakthrough and inclusive municipal-level action plan for the promotion of sustainable tourism, as part of the Tourism Friendly Cities project. An operational methodology is discussed here, whereby key stakeholder participation, conceptualized through a sextuple helix model, is the foundation of the planning process. A small-scale action and a qualitative assessment tool of the participatory process are also illustrated. The proposed methodology corroborates the vast positive effects deriving from stakeholder participation in terms of trust, ownership, planning quality, innovativeness and sustainability of interventions. In applying the methodology, although the digital framework was evaluated positively in terms of the number of participants that could be involved, data collection, and confidentiality of activities, the evaluation shows that hybrid modes of participation are more desirable.
ABSTRACT
Background: Complication and complexity are two aspects that the cancer patient carries with him during the time he spends in cancer treatment. The tumor is to be considered a disease that is part of the biological complications that affect one or more organs of our body, which refer to a very specific treatment, to surgical interventions of a certain type, to any pain therapy, etc. Complexity, on the other hand, represents a term that refers to the description of the ensemble that make up the individuality of the cancer patient. Therefore, within the treatment, various elements that are part of the patient's world and that can represent a strength in the oncological path must be taken into consideration. Material(s) and Method(s): 80 patients from the oncology ward participated in the research, recruited in 2019 (n = 40) and in 2020-2021 (N = 40). The semi-structured clinical psychological interview, lasting one hour, was used as a data collection tool, which examined the evaluation of the patient's depression, anxiety and altered emotional states regarding the presence or fewer family affections during hospitalization, visits from friends, knowledge of one's status as a cancer patient. Result(s): From the analysis of the data it emerges that the oncological patients who suffered from depression, anxiety or elements attributable to altered emotional states in 2019 are 32.50% of the sample examined while in 2020 and 2021 the recorded incidence includes about 90.00% of the sample. This higher incidence derives mainly from the consequence of the closure to visits by family members in the medical oncology ward for the sars-cov-2 pandemic, rather than from the other factors taken into consideration, leading, in the most serious cases, to requests for early discharge by of the patient himself. Conclusion(s): Understanding the worlds within the cancer patient should not be seen as an obstacle to treatment but as a resource to be used to improve patient compliance. Placing the complexity of the individual at the center of the analysis determines a decrease in anxiety, depression and altered emotional states with an increase in the doctorpatient relationship, effectiveness of treatments, circulation of information and trust in care.